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Content linked is from "SUGGESTED RESOURCE MATERIAL FOR ACVO EXAMINATION" Revised October 2010.
All Written Examination questions are supported by a journal reference within the past seven publication years or from a textbook or journal article on the list of "classic" references.
Textbooks (links to NCSU Libraries' catalog records)
Anatomy, Histology, Embryology
- Prince. Comparative anatomy of the eye. Prince, Jack Harvey. Springfield, Ill., Thomas. 1956 (recommend review of the rabbit, pig, ruminant sections; other species covered in more contemporary texts- see below).
- Evans and Christensen. Miller's anatomy of the dog (Ocular and orbital sections) 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1993. (Chapters on eye, orbit, and cranial nerves).
Laboratory and Exotic Animals
- Duke-Elder. System of ophthalmology. Vol. 1 The eye in evolution. St. Louis, Mosby, 1958-76. (especially important are chapters on exotic and domestic species).
Physiology
- Moses. Adler's physiology of the eye. 11th ed. Robert A. Moses, William M. Hart Jr. St. Louis: Mosby, 2010. (Most recent edition)
Pharmacology
- Havener. Havener's ocular pharmacology. 6th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1994. (Most recent edition)
- Zimmerman, Thom J. Textbook of ocular pharmacology. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven, 1997. (Most recent edition)
Pathology, Immunology
- Jubb and Kennedy. Pathology of domestic animals. 5th ed. Edinburgh; New York: Elsevier Saunders, 2007 (Most recent edition)(eye chapter only).
- Spencer. Ophthalmic pathology : an atlas and textbook book. (Vol. I, II, III) 4th ed. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1996. (Most recent edition)
- Yanoff and Fine. Ocular pathology Philadelphia, Mosby. 6th ed., 2009. Online Book.
For all of these texts, review general ocular pathology, the histology and basic mechanisms of pathologic lesions for each section of the eye, and pathologic features of diseases directly applicable to veterinary medicine.
Neuro-Ophthalmology
- Gelatt (ed.) Veterinary ophthalmology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007. (Most recent edition). (Chapter by Shamir and Ofri).
- Miller's anatomy of the dog. Evans, Howard. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1993 (cranial nerve section).
- Handbook of veterinary neurology. Michael D. Lorenz. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2012 (chapter on blindness, anisocoria, and abnormal eye movements). [NB: this is listed on reading list as Oliver and Lorenz. Handbook of Veterinary Neurologic Diagnosis.]
Surgery
- Eisner. Eye surgery; an introduction to operative technique. 2nd rev. Berlin, New York, Springer Verlag, 1990. (Most recent edition).
- Slatter. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery, 3rd ed., St. Louis, Saunders, 2003. (Most recent edition). (Ocular Surgery Sections). [NB: this is listed on reading list as Textbook of Veterinary Surgery.]
- Jaffee NS. Cataract surgery and its complications. 6th ed.. St. Louis, Mosby, 1997. (Most recent edition).
- Seibel BS. Phacodynamics: mastering the the tools and techniques of phacoemulsification surgery. 4th ed. Thorofare, NJ : SLACK, 2005. (Most recent edition).
Clinical Ophthalmology
- Gelatt (4th ed.) Veterinary ophthalmology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007.
- Veterinary Clinics of North America (All issues relating to ophthalmology)
- Gilger BC. Equine ophthalmology. 2nd ed. St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier Saunders, 2010. [Also available as online book.]
- Lavach. Large animal ophthalmology. St. Louis: Mosby, 1990 (though this text is out of print, it is essential reading - but specific questions will not originate from this book).
- Rubin. Atlas of veterinary ophthalmoscopy. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1974 (though this text is out of print, it is essential reading - but specific questions will not originate from this book).
- Rubin. Inherited eye diseases in purebred dogs. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1989 (though this text is out of print, it is essential reading - but specific questions will not originate from this book).
- Barnett KC. Color Atlas of Veterinary Ophthalmology, Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1990. (Most recent edition). (Recommended for Image Recognition examination preparation)
- Barnett KC. Equine ophthalmology : an atlas and text 2nd ed. Edinburgh, Saunders, 2004. [NB: Title listed on reading list is Color atlas and text of equine ophthalmology. (Most recent edition). (Recommended for Image Recognition examination preparation)
- Ketring KL, Glaze MB. Atlas of feline ophthalmology. Trenton, N.J.: Veterinary Learning Systems, 1994. ((Most recent edition). (Recommended for Image Recognition examination preparation)
- Dziezyc J, Nicholas J. Millichamp. Color atlas of canine and feline ophthalmology. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders, 2004. (Recommended for Image Recognition examination preparation)
- Martin CL. Ophthalmic disease in veterinary medicine. Charles L. Martin. London: Manson Publishing/Veterinary Press, 2005.(Recommended for Image Recognition examination preparation)
- Brooks DE. Equine ophthalmology for the equine practitioner. 2nd ed. Teton New Media, 2008. (Most recent edition). (Recommended for Image Recognition examination preparation)
Journals (links to NCSU Libraries' Journal List) - Past Seven Years (preceding January 1 of the year of the examination)
** Note: Beginning with journal publication dates of January 1, 2010 and later, no questions on the Written examination will be derived from case reports that involve single animals. Review of images in such case reports is suggested for Image Recognition exam preparation.
Veterinary Journals:
- Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
- American Journal of Veterinary Research
- Veterinary Ophthalmology
- Journal of Small Animal Practice
- Canadian Veterinary Journal
- Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association
- Equine Veterinary Journal
- Veterinary Pathology
- Veterinary Surgery
- Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
- Veterinary Record
- Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (JVIM)
- Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice (All issues relating to ophthalmology)
- Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice (All issues relating to ophthalmology)
(Note: Articles from these veterinary journals should be reviewed for any situation or disease which involves ocular, periocular, or neuro-ophthalmic structures or systemic conditions relevant to ophthalmic disease.)
Other Journals:
- Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics
- Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
- Survey of Ophthalmology
- American Journal of Ophthalmology
- Experimental Eye Research
- Science
- Annals of Ophthalmology - No library subscription - read abstracts online and request individual articles free through Tripsaver Interlibrary Loan
- Vision Research
- British Journal of Ophthalmology - request individual articles from most recent three years free through Tripsaver Interlibrary Loan
- Ophthalmic Research
- Comparative Medicine
- Archives of Ophthalmology
- Ophthalmology
- Current Eye Research
- Journal of Comparative Pathology
- Cornea - Issues from 1983-2005 also available in print.
- Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
- Retina - No library subscription - read abstracts online and request individual articles free through Tripsaver Interlibrary Loan
- Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
- Journal of Glaucoma - No library subscription - read abstracts online and request individual articles free through Tripsaver Interlibrary Loan
Note: Review of basic science and human clinical journals should be limited to those articles dealing with situations or diseases directly applicable to veterinary ophthalmology (i.e.-where a common domestic animal is used as a animal model. Review of human clinical conditions or basic science articles unrelated to veterinary ophthalmology is not necessary for exam preparation.
Supplemental ("Classic") Journal Article List [Revised 10/07]
Access to articles requires NCSU ID and password unless article citation is followed by (Open Access).
- Acland, G.M., and Aguirre, G.D.: Retinal degenerations in the dog: IV. Early retinal degeneration (erd) in Norwegian Elkhounds. Exp. Eye Res., 44:491-521, 1987.
- Aguirre, G.D., and Acland, G.M.: Variations in retinal degeneration phenotype inherited at the prcd. locus. Exp. Eye. Res. 46:663-87,1988.
- Aguirre, G.D., and Laties, A.: Pigment epithelial dystrophy in the dog. Exp. Eye. Res., 23:247, 1976. [Poor image quality noted]
- Aguirre, G.D., and Rubin, L.F.: Progressive retinal atrophy in the Miniature Poodle: An electrophysiologic study. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 160:191-201,1972.
- Aguirre GD, Rubin LF, Bistner SI. Development of the canine eye. Am J Vet Res 1972;33(12):2399-2414.
- Aguirre, G.D., et al.: Rod-cone dysplasia in Irish Setters: A defect in cyclic GMP metabolism in visual cells. Science, 201:1133, 1978.
- Aguirre, G.D.: Electroretinography in veterinary ophthalmology. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc., 9:234-7, 1973.
- Aguirre, G.D.: Retinal degenerations in the dog. I. Rod dysplasia. Exp. Eye Res., 26:233-53, 1977.
- Albert, D.M., et al.: Retinal neoplasia and dysplasia. I. Induction by feline leukemia virus. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 16:325-37, 1977. (Open Access)
- Albert, D.M., et al: Canine herpes-induced retinal dysplasia and associated ocular anomalies. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 15:267, 1976.
- Anderson: Morphologic recovery in the reattached retina. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 27(2):168-183, 1986. (Open Access)
- Bahn CF, Glassman RM, MacCallum DK, Lillie JH, Meyer RF, Robinson BJ, Rich NM.: Postnatal development of corneal endothelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1986 Jan;27(1):44- 51. (Open Access)
- Bedford PGC. A gonioscopic study of the iridocorneal angle in the English and American breeds of cocker spaniel and the basset hound. J Small Anim Pract 1977;18:631-642.
- Bellhorn, R.W., and Bellhorn, M.S.: The avian pecten. I. Fluorescein permeability. Ophthalmic Res., 7:1, 1975.
- Bellhorn, R.W., Aguirre, G.D., and Bellhorn, M.B.: Feline central retinal degeneration. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 13:608-16, 1974. (Open Access)
- Bellhorn, R.W.: A survey of ocular findings in 16-to-24-week-old beagles. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 162:139-41, 1973.
- Bellhorn, R.W.; Fluorescein fundus photography in veterinary ophthalmology. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc., 9:227-33, 1973.
- Bergsma, D.R., and Brown, K.S.: White fur, blue eyes and deafness in the domestic cat. J. Hered., 62:171, 1971.
- Berson, E.L., et al.: Retinal degeneration in cats fed casein. II. Supplementation with methionine, cysteine, or taurine. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 15:52, 1976. (Open Access)
- Bill, A.: Formation and drainage of aqueous humor in cats. Exp. Eye Res., 5:185-, 1966.
- Bistner, S.I., Rubin, L.F., and Saunders, L.Z.: The ocular lesions of bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease. Pathol Vet (listed as Vet. Pathology), 7:272, 1970. (Open Access)
- Blair, N.P., Dodge, J.T., and Schmidt, G.M.: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Labrador Retrievers. I. Development of retinal tears and detachment. Arch. Ophthalmol., 103:842-7, 1985.
- Blair, N.P., Dodge, J.T., and Schmidt, G.M.: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Labrador Retrievers. II. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Arch. Ophthalmol., 103:848-54, 1985.
- Bok: Retinal photoreceptor-pigment epithelium interactions. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 26(11):1659-1694, 1985. (Open Access)
- Buyukmihci, N.C., Aguirre, G., and Marshall, J.: Retinal degenerations in the dog. II. Development of the retina in rod-cone dysplasia. Exp. Eye Res., 30:575, 1980.
- Buyukmihci, N.C.: Photic retinopathy in the dog. Exp. Eye. Res., 33:95-109, 1981.
- Carmichael, L.E.: The pathogenesis of ocular lesions of infectious canine hepatitis I. Pathology and virological observations. Pathol. Vet., 1:73-95, 1964.
- Carmichael, L.E.: The pathogenesis of ocular lesions of infectious canine hepatitis II. Experimental ocular hypersensitivity produced by the virus. Pathol. Vet., 2:344-59, 1965.
- Chase, J.: The evolution of retinal vascularization in mammals. Ophthalmology, 89:1518-25, 1982.
- Crispin SM, Barnett KC. Dystrophy, degeneration and infiltration of the canine cornea. J Small Anim Pract 1983;24:63-83.
- Curtis R, Barnett KC. Primary lens luxation in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 1980;21:657-668.
- Davidson MG et al. Phacoemulsification and Intraocular Lens Implantation: a Study of Surgical Results in 182 Dogs. Progr Vet Comp Ophthalmol 1991;1(4):233-238.
- de Schaepdrijver L, Simoens P, Lauwers H. Morphologic study of the retinal microvasculature in the dog. Vet Comp Ophthalmology 1996;6(2):100-109.
- Donovan, A.: The postnatal development of the cat retina. Exp. Eye Res., 5:249, 1966
- Gelatt, K.N. et al.: Animal models for inherited cataracts: A review. Curr. Eye Res., 3(5):765-778, 1984.
- Gelatt, K.N., Henderson, S.F., and Steffen, G.R.: Fluorescein angiography of the normal and diseased ocular fundi of the laboratory dog. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 169:980-4, 1976.
- Gelatt KN, Peiffer RL, Gwin RM, Gum GG, Williams LW. Clinical manifestations of inherited glaucoma in the beagle. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1977;16(12):1135-1142. (Open Access)
- Gum, G.C., et al.: Maturation of the retina of the canine neonate as determined by electroretinography and histology. Am. J. Vet. Res., 45:1166-71, 1984.
- Gwin, R.M., Lerner, I., Warren, K., and Gum, G.: Decrease in canine corneal endothelial cell density and corneal thickness as a function of age. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 22:267, 1982. (Open Access)
- Hayes, K.C., Nielson, S.W., and Eaton, H.D.: Pathogenesis of the optic nerve lesion in vitamin A deficient calves. Arch. Ophthalmol., 80:777-87, 1968. (Open Access)
- Johnston, M.C., et al.: Origins of avian ocular and periocular tissues. Exp. Eye Res., 29:27-43. 1979.
- Jubb, K.V., Saunders, L.Z., and Coates, H.V.: The intraocular lesions of canine distemper. J. Comp. Pathol., 67:21, 1957.
- Kern TJ. Orbital neoplasia in 23 dogs. JAVMA 1985;186(5):489-491.
- Martin, C.L., and Chambreau, T.: Cataract production in experimentally orphaned puppies fed a commercial replacement for bitch's milk. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc., 18:115, 1982.
- Martin, C.L.: Development of pectinate ligament structure of the dog: Study by scanning electron microscopy. Am. J. Vet. Res., 35:1433, 1974.
- Martin, C.L.: Gonioscopy and anatomical correlations of the drainage angle of the dog. J. Small Anim. Prac., 10:171, 1969.
- Martin, C.L.: Scanning electron microscopic examination of selected canine iridocorneal angle abnormalities. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc., 11:300, 1975.
- Martin, C.L.: Slit lamp examination of the normal canine anterior ocular segment. Part I: Introduction and technique. J. Small Anim. Pract., 10:143, 1969.
- Martin, C.L.: Slit lamp examination of the normal canine anterior ocular segment. Part II: Description. J. Small Anim. Pract., 10:151, 1969.
- Martin, C.L.: Slit lamp examination of the normal canine anterior ocular segment. Part III: Description and summary. J. Small Anim. Pract. 10:163, 1969.
- Martin, C.L.: The normal canine iridocorneal angle as viewed with the scanning electron microscope. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc., 11:180-4, 1975.
- Miller PE, Pickett JP. Comparison of the human and canine Schiotz tonometry conversion tables in clinically normal dogs. JAVMA 1992;201(7):1021-1025.
- Miller PE, Pickett JP. Comparison of the human and canine Schiotz tonometry conversion tables in clinically normal cats. JAVMA 1992;201(7):1017-1020.
- Miller PE, Murphy CJ. Vision in dogs. JAVMA 1995;207(12):1623-1634.
- Millichamp NJ, Dziezyc J.: Cataract phacofragmentation in horses. Vet Ophthalmol. 2000;3(2- 3):157-164.
- Moore CP, Wilsman NJ, Nordheim EV, Majors LJ, Collier LL. Density and distribution of canine conjunctival goblet cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1987;28:1925-1932. (Open Access)
- Murphy, C.J., and Howland, H.C.: The optics of comparative ophthalmoscopy. Vision Res., 27:599, 1987.
- Mutti DO, Zadnik K, Murphy CJ.: Naturally occurring vitreous chamber-based myopia in the Labrador retriever. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999 Jun;40(7):1577-84. (Open Access)
- Narfstrom, K.: Progressive retinal atrophy in the Abyssinian cat: Clinical characteristics. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 26:193, 1985. (Open Access)
- Peiffer, R.L., Jr., Gelatt, K.N., and Gum, G.C.: Determination of facility of outflow in the dog comparing in vivo and in vitro tonographic and constant pressure perfusion techniques. Am. J. Vet. Res., 37:1473, 1976.
- Peiffer RL, Wilcock BP. The Pathogenesis and Significance of Pre-iridal Fibrovascular membrane in Domestic Animals. Vet Pathol 1990;27:41-45.
- Percy, D.H., Scott, F.W., and Albert, D.M.: Retinal dysplasia due to feline panleukopenia virus infection. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 167:935-7, 1975.
- Priester, W.A.: Congenital ocular defects in cattle, horses, cats, and dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 160:1504-1511, 1972.
- Ramsey DT, Hauptman JG, Petersen-Jones SM.: Corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, and optical corneal diameter in Rocky Mountain Horses with cornea globosa or clinically normal corneas. Am J Vet Res. 1999 Oct; 60 (10):1317-21.
- Riis RC, Sheffy BE, Loew E, Kern TJ, Smith JS. Vitamin E deficiency retinopathy in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1981;42:74-86.
- Roberts, S.R., and Dellaporta, A., and Winter, F.C.: The collie ectasia syndrome. Pathology of the eyes of young and adult dogs. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 62:728, 1966.
- Roberts, S.R., Dellaporta, A., and Winter, F.C.: The collie ectasia syndrome. Pathologic alterations of the eyes of pups one to fourteen days of age. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 61:1458, 1966.
- Roberts, S.R.: The Collie eye anomaly. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 155:859-66, 1969.
- Rodriguez-Peralta L.: The blood-aqueous barrier in five species. Am J Ophthalmol. 1975 Oct;80(4):713-25.
- Sandberg, M.A. et al.: Full field electroretinograms in miniature poodles with progressive rod-cone degeneration. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 27:1179, 1986. (Open Access)
- Schmidt, S.Y., Berson, E.L., and Hayes, K.C.: Retinal degeneration in cats fed casein. I. Taurine deficiency. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 15:47, 1976. (Open Access)
- Schmidt, S.Y., et al.: Retinal degeneration in cats fed casein. III. Taurine deficiency and ERG amplitudes. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 16:673, 1977. (Open Access)
- Sharpnack, et al.: Vascular pathways of the anterior segment of the canine eye. Am. J. Vet. Res., 45(7):1287-1294, 1984.
- Shatz, C.J., and Levay, S.: Siamese cat: Altered connections of visual cortex. Science, 204:328, 1979.
- Shively, J.N., and Epling, G.: Fine structure of the canine eye: cornea. Am. J. Vet. Res., 31:713, 1970.
- Shively, J.N., and Epling, G.P.: Fine structure of the canine eye: Iris. Am. J. Vet. Res., 30:13-25, 1969.
- Shively, J.N., Epling, G.P., and Jensen, R.: Fine structure of the postnatal development of the canine retina. Am. J. Vet. Res., 32:383, 1971.
- Shively, J.N., Epling, G.P., and Jenson, R.: Fine structure of the canine eye: Retina. Am. J. Vet. Res., 31:1339, 1970.
- Stryer, L. The molecules of visual excitation. Sci. American, 257(1), 42-50, 1987. DH Hill T1 .S5
- Tripathi, R.C., and Tripathi, B.J.: The mechanisms of aqueous outflow in primates, lower mammals and birds. A comparative study. Exp. Eye Res., 17:393-4, 1973.
- Tripathi, R.C.: Ultrastructure of the exit pathway of the aqueous in lower mammals. Exp. Eye Res., 12:311, 1971.
- Van Buskirk, E.M.: The canine eye: The vessels of aqueous drainage. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 18:223, 1979. (Open Access)
- Whiteley, H.E., et al.: Ocular lesions of bovine malignant catarrhal fever. Vet. Pathol., 22:219, 1985. (Open Access)
- Wilcock, B.P., and Peiffer, R.L.: Morphology and behavior of primary ocular melanomas in 91 dogs. Vet. Pathol., 23:418, 1986. (Open Access)
- Wilcock, B.P., and Peiffer, R.L.: The pathology of lens-induced uveitis in dogs. Vet. Pathol., 24:549, 1987. (Open Access)
- Witzel, D.A., et al.: Congenital stationary night blindness: An animal model. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 17:788-796, 1978. (Open Access)
- Wong, et al.: Vasculature of cat eye. Arch. Ophthalmol., 72:351-358, 1964.
Library Tips and More Info
Search the catalog for additional ophthalmology resources available at NCSU Libraries.
SUGGESTED RESOURCE MATERIAL FOR ACVO EXAMINATION - Revised October 2010 (PDF)




