First Temple of the Atom
"FIRST TEMPLE OF THE ATOM"
North Carolina State College
THE STORY OF THE RALEIGH RESEARCH
REACTOR ON THE
STATE COLLEGE
In
a way that halted World War II. The devastating results
are now history. In September, 1953, mankind reached a
milestone in preparing to use atoms for education and
free enterprise, when
ed
clear
of atoms for peace.
President,
Cover Pictures -- Ralph Mills * Layout And Editing -- Stantford Martin, Jr. |
Developed In The School of Engineering |
The Hopeful Signal . . .
On
journey from the laboratories of
in the early morning hours of
Research Reactor breathed with nuclear life for the first time.
For 51 months-four years and 12 weeks-the world's first
college-owned nuclear reactor was in the making, evolving from
a dream through negotiations, design, and construction to
tial
At the time,
the nation's
actor
of its public nature.
His opinion was well-based. The N. C. State nuclear reactor
is (1) the first to be used entirely for peacetime training and
search
non-
with visitors welcomed.
It is being operated for three basic purposes:
In 1949 when
clear
gineering
Atomic Energy program was directed toward military ends.
Little thought or enthusiasm was given to peacetime uses for
the atom. Yet, the idea for this reactor grew out of the beliefs
that "(1) nuclear processes would eventually become as
tant
security and (2) the established colleges have the responsibility
of training students and exploring potential benefits in this field
as they have done in other areas of technical endeavor."
By late 1953, events in the Far East, the Near East, and other
parts of the world convinced the
winning friendly nations might well be as important as means
for delivering atomic bombs on enemy cities. And so, our
tion
atomic power for peaceful purposes and sharing such
nology
Today, we stand at the gateway to a new era of nuclear
energy. According to the Soviet government, a pilot plant, run
by nuclear fuel, began producing electricity in
over two years.
plans for such plants. And the
efforts in this direction in October, 1953.
So far,
tions
tives
veloped
attracted over 6,000 visitors.
A new national society of Nuclear Science and Engineering
has been formed, with recent public meetings of nuclear
tists
the Raleigh Research Reactor stands like a beacon flashing the
hopeful signal-"Atoms for Peace, Atoms for Peace . . ."
How-it has been asked many times-did this project come
about?
In the beginning was the ground breaking, observed here by Physicists Menius, Meares, Lancaster, and Beck. |
When completed, the Reactor Shield had 8 sides withradiation ports in each side and trenches for work tables. |
The Dream...
Right after World War II,
transition and expansion unparalleled in its history. Millions of
dollars were being invested in new buildings, in modern
ment
lent
Led by the far-sighted vision of
of Engineering
dards
and stature of its staff, to build the training opportunities and
activities of its graduate students.
By 1948, it was obvious the
to be expanded and strengthened to achieve the Dean's plans
and ambitions for the
Department had provided "service" instruction primarily at the
sophomore level. But it could hardly furnish foundational
port
ranks, facilities, and instructional program in Engineering
sics
So, in 1949 the Legislature allocated funds to renovate and
re-equip the physics laboratories and to add new members to
the staff. In early June of that year, the quest of college
cials
service, led to
There they found the man in
of Research and Co-director of the Laboratory Division at
bide
linian
of North Carolina
historic Atomic Energy (Manhattan) Project at
versity
College
When
return to the teaching profession in which he had served for
As building progresses, a dome roof covers the Reactor and a 110-foot |
With the Reactor ready, Dr. Beck greets two armed cou-riers arriving with the nuclear fuel from Oak Ridge. |
... And Origin
five years between
other major institutions had invited him, the
portunity
Engineering
partment
The desire of
ment
been ushered into a new age-the Atomic Age. Physics, in
fact, had done most of the ushering. Then why not develop the
actor
Engineers might be trained?
The idea was startling, at first, but did not seem impossible.
the
couragement
the idea was fundamental to its future development. Many
thoughtful and responsible
about the lack of civilian opportunities in this historic new field.
It was natural, then, that they extended vigorous support to
lege
Reception of the idea by college officials was equally en-
thusiastic. Particular recognition must be given to the support
of
who was then Chancellor of State College, and
michael
These administrative leaders bore official responsibilities
ing
accepted the responsibility of the project but vigorously
moted
cause
And so, an idea met a man, a commission, and a college.
And today, the idea has become a program attracting 6,000
visitors a year, awarding the first Ph.D. degrees in Nuclear
neering
The first uranium is poured in Reactor loading tube as Dr. Beck maintains close contact with the control room. |
This panel controls fuel to run the Reactor 300 years, giving more radiation than $200 million worth of radium. |
Beyond The Bounds Of Normal Duties...
In the words of its director,
the training program in Nuclear Engineering and of the
search
support of the staff, both those here at the outset of the new
program and those who have joined us since the venture was
launched. To promote this program, scientists, physicists, and
dedicated teachers have labored tirelessly, sometimes
ously
daries
first non-
world.
"It is not possible to call the whole roll. But even a brief
account must recognize the contributions of a dependable core
of devoted colleagues who shouldered major parts of the job."
... A Loyal Staff Has Labored
Led By A Dynamic Teacher, Administrator, And Physicist ...
As A Teaching Tool...
Realizing the great possibilities for service in the atomic
energy field, our School of Engineering made a concerted
effort to create a program through which young men could
learn to develop atomic energy for constructive purposes.
This program was effectuated in 1949 by a dynamic staff
whose greatest contributions have been to train capable
young men for the growing atomic energy industry.
Dean, School of Engineering
"Thousands of technical people in nuclear projects need a
considerable core of basic information in nuclear physics,
actor
rudiments of the hazards and safety precautions. . etc. . .in
addition to their usual scientific and engineering skills."
For these reasons, the North Carolina State College Physics
Department has developed a unique course in Nuclear
neering
neers
neering
nuclear technology courses.
For students scheduling a Master's program in Nuclear
gineering
one or two terms of preparatory courses are required before
they begin the regular graduate work.
For students scheduling Nuclear Engineering from the outset
of their college careers, an undergraduate program has been
developed. The undergraduate program in Nuclear
ing
General Cultural: English, Humanities, etc | 18 % |
Military and Physical Education | 7 |
Basic Science: Math, Physics, Chemistry | 33 |
Basic Engineering: Mechanics, Thermodynamics, etc | 16 |
Nuclear Technology: Reactor theory, Radio activity techniques | 18 |
Technical Electives in approved sequences | 18 |
The number of students enrolling in this program is steadily
growing. In its first three years, this program granted 60 B.S.,
47 M.S., and two Ph.D. degrees. In the 1955 school year, the
program had 170 students enrolled in combined undergraduate
and graduate work.
The Nuclear Reactor serves as a tool to help train Nuclear
Engineering students in three ways:
Recent graduates of the world's first Nuclear Engineering
curriculum are doing nuclear work for the
working on nuclear-powered submarines for
and
jects
Electric
at
development projects across the nation.
". . . the Colleges and Universities have a responsibility in
this new area of technology, as they traditionally have had in
other areas, to explore applications from which potential
fits
Upon this premise, the nuclear reactor at
proposed. In addition to being a teaching tool, the Reactor
serves as the heart of a diverse and far-reaching research
gram
already under way show how versatile the Reactor is as a
research instrument.
Radiation Effects on Textile Fibers
Radiation may better the properties of textile fiber by
arranging
radiation, many little-understood rearrangements occur --
tion
. . . And A Research Tool
harmful. Cooperating with the
and the college's
ing
physical properties.
Genetic Effects of Radiation
Exposing the reproductive tissues of plants and animals to
radiation affects their offspring by causing changes in the
genes. Today, when more exposure to radiation is certain
to occur, it is necessary to understand what changes are caused
in the basic interaction between radiation and organic tissue.
The Reactor staff is working with the biologists on such studies.
Porosity of Ceramic Coatings to Gases at High Temperatures
In certain engineering applications, it is important to know
whether selected gases can penetrate ceramic coatings at high
temperatures. Working with the college Mineral Industries
partment
staff is producing such gases in radioactive form inside of
mic
easily detectable when they penetrate the ceramic coatings.
Analysis of Trace Impurities by Activation
When exposed to intense neutron beams, most elements
come
struments
impurity in one billion can be detected, far smaller than
thing
Animal Industry Department, the Reactor staff is now searching
for a way of measuring the vanishingly small trace of
nese
nutrients
small to be seen by even electron microscopes-although it is
a very important ingredient of blood.
Nuclear, Atomic, and Molecular Properties of Materials
Much of the research work with the reactor deals with
spectacular
phenomena as neutron absorption, crystal structure, magnetic
properties of nuclei, scattering and
A graduate student, working for a degree in Nuclear gineering |
The staff is now building a pile oscillator, a slow-speed neutron
chopper, a pulse-height analyzer, etc. to use in this basic
search
technical, seemingly obscure theory, their results might be as
important as the development of a new textile fiber. In any
case, they are blazing new trails into the unknown-where
anything is possible.
Its Administration And Finances ...
The Raleigh Research Reactor project was initiated,
ized
Engineering at North Carolina State College
It has two administrative purposes: (1) To serve the teaching
and research programs of the Physics Department; (2) To serve
the research needs of other departments and schools on the
campus, as well as other educational, industrial, and
mental
This puts a heavy load on the Reactor staff. To meet these
diverse demands-including the extra supplies, equipment, and
staff imposed by service and cooperative research with outside
groups-the following operational policy has been set:
The Reactor is operated by the Director, who is also head
of the Physics Department, and his selected staff. Instructional
and research projects conducted by the physics staff on the
Reactor are supported by the regular college budget.
sive
schools on the campus, and other institutions in the area-are
accepted on a self-supporting basis. That is, groups outside the
Physics Department pay for their projects on the reactor out
of their own research budgets.
In addition to teaching basic physics to students from other
departments, a physics staff of 18 people teaches over 170
students majoring in physics and also teaches over 800 students
each year from other schools and departments on the campus.
Administrative developments in the Physics Department since
1949 include four major steps:
1-Expansion of the staff, the functions, and the facilities
of the Physics Department.
2-Organization of a training program in Nuclear
neering
3-Major growth in graduate students, in both
ing
4-Creation of a teaching and research Nuclear Reactor.
Complete cost of the Raleigh Research Reactor and the
lington
(From college allocations) | $130,000 |
(From the Burlington Mills Foundation) | $200,000 |
(From college allocations) | $180,000 |
(From 1953 Legislature) | $120,000 |
Total capital investment approximately | $630,000 |
As The First Non-Secret Nuclear Reactor
. . . The N. C. State College Reactor has been featured by
such mediums as Newsweek, New York Times, Investors'
Reader, Business Week, New York Herald Tribune, the three
major news services (AP, UP, INS), and scores of
papers
nation.
. . . It has attracted nearly 6,000 visitors a year since 1953,
including special delegations from 12 foreign nations and 20
American universities, who have come to learn how to develop
a research reactor project.
. . . It has enabled the college to award the first two Ph.D.
degrees ever granted in Nuclear Engineering, in 1954, and
to develop the nation's first curriculum in Nuclear
ing
. . . It has played a vital part in developing one of the nation's
first textbooks on ways and means of using atomic energy
for peacetime purposes-written by its Deputy Director,
Its Physical Facilities: Some Facts Of Reactor Life
To understand the unique
Building
facts of nuclear physics and some basic characteristics of the
Reactor itself.
1-Three chief materials may be used as nuclear fuel-
anium
233 (U-233).
Both uranium and plutonium are harmless looking,
slightly radioactive metals. They can be handled,
ried
danger of nuclear explosion, provided they are not
brought into certain geometrical configurations, into
accumulations of a particular size, and mixed with
certain otherwise harmless ingredients. When
ations
justed
The nature of the conditions determine how this
pires
ly
mixtures of ingredients, the energy can be released at
a controlled rate, at any desired level. The assembly
in which this controlled release occurs is a nuclear
reactor.
2-When the nuclear fuel "burns" or fissions, which is the
splitting up of atoms into parts (either in an atomic
bomb or in a nuclear reactor), three primary products are
released: (1) heat, (2) radiation-of many kinds, (3)
fission products, which are the fragments of the split
atoms or the "ashes" of the fuel.
Heat. Most of the energy released by nuclear reactions
is in the form of heat. It is released uniformly
out
it is similar to heat from any other source. When
tricity
fuel, it will be secured by using the heat released by
nuclear reaction. For example, the heat may be used to
produce steam which, in turn, may drive a turbine that
generates electricity. The most exciting fact about
heat from nuclear fuel is the amount. One pound of
uranium can release the same amount of heat as three
million pounds of coal.
Radiation. When nuclear fuel is burned, many kinds of
radiation are given off. The most important kinds
are (1) gamma rays and (2) neutrons. Both
mas
and damaging. Both travel in straight lines until they
collide with something, and then they "scatter."
ally
are rapidly weakened by penetrating layers of lead
or other heavy metals. But they penetrate light
ments
trons
as readily as air. But they are quickly absorbed by
such hydrogen materials as water or paraffin.
Fission Products. The fragments left after the "
ing
"fission products." Some are gaseous. Others are solid.
All are very radioactive. Many are poisonous to the
continuation of the nuclear reaction which produced
them. At intervals, they must be removed from the
unburned fuel, as ashes are removed from a coal
nace
power industry develops, the disposal of radioactive
wastes will be one of the most difficult problems to
solve.
3-Pros and Con of Radiation. Radiation in large amounts
is not only dangerous to living organisms, but is also
destructive to many solids, including structural materials.
Equipment for using the heat from a reactor must
stand
ment
power from nuclear reactors.
On the other hand, radiation is not all nuisance. When
exposed to radiation, most materials themselves become
radioactive. This fact underlies the production of most
radioisotopes. Many of these are valuable to medical
apy
Also, the direct effect of radiation itself on chemicals, on
crystals, on genetics in living organisms, is interesting and
valuable to scientific research.
Here is the core of the Reactor -- a 4-gallon can for the nuclear fuel, the cooling coils, and the control rods. |
Reactor Fuel And Reactor Core . . .
The Raleigh Research Reactor "runs on a 4-gallon can of
greenish-yellow liquid-a uranium solution bubbling like ginger
ale that will last 300 years."
In these words, Newsweek magazine once described the
heart of the State College Nuclear Reactor. The
Commission
were needed to bring the Reactor into operation. The fuel was
delivered in 12 small bottles in carefully weighed portions, to
insure correct incremental addition to the Reactor.
The heart, or core, of the Reactor has five basic parts:
1-The Fuel Container. This is a 4-gallon stainless steel
cylinder, 11 inches in diameter, 11 inches high. The Reactor
was started by pouring successive portions of the liquid fuel
into this cylinder and diluting it after each addition with a
measured volume of water, until the correct "critical mass"
of fuel had been added.
2-A Small Metal Pellet. As the fuel was added, a small
metal pellet containing radium and beryllium discharged into
the cylinder a continuous stream of neutrons. These neutrons
do the same for nuclear fuel as oxygen does for coal or gas
combustion. They react with the nuclei of uranium atoms.
When an adequate fuel supply had accumulated, the neutrons
from the metal pellet reacting with the uranium nuclei
ed
own power."
3-Control Rods. As the population of neutrons in the
fuel increases, the Reactor power rises. As the neutrons
crease
population, neutron absorbing control rods are inserted or
removed. The operator of the Reactor controls it by two
ticle
To activate the Reactor, these rods are raised from the fuel.
Its power grows with the distance the rods are lifted from
the solution. To stop the Reactor, the rods are lowered and
fully inserted into the fuel. One rod will stop the reaction,
but two are provided for safety. These rods are operated from
a control panel overlooking the Reactor Room.
4-A Cooling System. To keep the solution at a desired
temperature, the heat must be removed. This requires a
cooling system. Four gallons a minute of cold water flows
through cooling coils immersed in the fuel solution,
ting
watts (heat equivalent) while still maintaining a temperature
of 70 to 80 degrees C.
5-A Gas Recombiner-Disposal System. As the Reactor
operates, a small amount of gas forms in the fuel solution,
accumulating in the top of the 4-gallon cylinder. This gas is
largely hydrogen and oxygen caused by the
decomposition
fission products. The gas cannot be released because it is
too radioactive. It cannot be stored because it is so explosive.
The alternative is to recombine the hydrogen and oxygen
into water, which is done in a special catalyst chamber, and
store the residue of gaseous fission products. These gases are
stored in a special water-submerged system until their
gerous
leased
lessly
Enclosing the Reactor core -- the small can of fuel and its connecting controls -- is this massive, 250-ton shield. |
Reactor Shield
And Its Access Ports . . .
The heart or core of the Reactor is enclosed in a snug-fitting
aluminum safety envelope. This envelope consists of two parts:
(1) a stove-pipe portion around the core which extends
ward
taining
other components.
If heat were the only ingredient given off by nuclear
action
nuclear reactor. But radiation is another thing. It demands many
layers of materials to absorb it.
The first blanket of shield surrounding the core is 22 to 24
inches of special high purity graphite. Around the graphite is
a layer of lead, 4 to 8 inches thick. Covering the lead is a
massive bulk of special concrete, 5 to 6 feet thick. The entire
shield covering the small can of fuel and its connecting
trols
feet high. It weighs more than half a million pounds, including
over 200 tons of concrete, 10 tons of graphite, and 13 tons
of lead. The massive eight-sided shield resembles "a huge
crete
reau
Actually, the small reactor core at the center of all this
shielding is the heart of the assembly in which heat and
diation
ton
The rays and radiation particles penetrating the fuel
der
as many gamma rays each second over each square centimeter
of the surface. The slowest rays and particles move over a mile
per second, with some moving at nearly the speed of light,
000
tion
in a few minutes.
Openings in the Reactor shield enable radiation beamsto flow into external samples or permit samples to be inserted close to the core for intense radiation tests. |
For these reasons, enough thick layers of absorbing
terials
times its design level without injuring anyone in the reactor
room.
For those interested in getting power or energy from the heat
of a nuclear reactor, the radiation that accompanies the heat
is a nuisance. For those doing research on a reactor, such as the
Raleigh Research Reactor, the radiation is important to the
perimental
On the State College Reactor, a number of tubular pipes
were built horizontally from the outer surface of the Reactor
shield inward through successive layers of shielding materials
to the core.
These tubes can be opened for transmission of radiation
beams into experimental apparatus outside the shield or they
may serve as channels for inserting experimental samples
into the vicinity of the core where radiaction intensity is high.
When not in use, these access ports are filled with snug-fitting
concrete, lead, and graphite plugs. When experimental work
is not going on, the openings of the access ports are closed with
special combination locks to prevent unauthorized tampering.
Since eight experimental access ports were needed, the shield
was made in an
the center of each of the eight faces. Also, two or three special
ports go through the shield at particular angles and at some
distance from the core, providing for special experiments. One
small experimental port extends from the top of the reactor
shield straight down into the very center of the Reactor core.
Samples inserted into this port are exposed to the very highest
radiation of this Reactor.
Burlington Nuclear Laboratories: Center Of Functional Features
The building which houses the State College Reactor is named
the Burlington Nuclear Laboratories, in honor of the
ton
construct this "first temple of the atom."
The Reactor Room, an eight-sided or octagonal pit, has many
features, including 22 feet clear space between all eight sides
of the Reactor and the wall of the room and a ceiling height
of 35 feet, so experiments can be conducted at each face and
on top of the Reactor simultaneously.
A dome roof, 35 feet above floor level and 3 feet above
the flat roof covering the rest of the building, spans the
tire
sides of the dome provide natural light.
Just beneath the heavy steel beams supporting the dome
roof, a motor-driven crane is used: (1) To raise and lower
objects from the floor, (2) To move them toward and away
from the center of the room, (3) To sweep them around to
ous
The floor of the Reactor Room is eight feet below ground
level. Radiation beams permitted to flow from the Reactor's
access ports and strike experimental materials must be stopped
somewhere. If they were allowed to strike the walls of the
In modern laboratories, students are able to study theeffects of the Reactor in various experiments. |
The Reactor sits in the center of a room that is 8 feet below ground level, 60 feet in diameter, 35 feet high. |
room, radiation would be scattered over the whole building.
So, large 18-inch holes are set in the walls opposite each
access port on the Reactor shield, opening into 15-foot pipes
that carry the radiation into the earth where it is absorbed.
Just above each of these beam traps, several small pipes
extend 15 feet into the earth. Closed by concrete plugs, these
pipes serve as storage tubes for radioactive materials. All
samples are moved in and out of the tubes by long-handle
tools, 15 to 20-feet long.
Work tables have been provided in a unique way. Trenches
4 feet wide and 19 inches deep beneath the pathway of
each beam are covered by plywood panels that form part of
the floor but can be raised into working tables for use in
experiments. An operator standing in the trench beside the
panel may work at standard laboratory table height, with the
usual lab facilities of water, gas, and electricity provided along
the opposite wall of the trench.
These trench panels are covered with a heavy grade
leum
room floor is covered with asphalt tile. Beneath both the
leum
crete
asphalt tile or linoleum strip can be removed. If radioactive
terial
felt will prevent penetration into the concrete surfaces below.
Eight feet of the concrete wall in the room is covered by
smooth-finish ceramic tile which can be washed down with
ter
system of floor and wall covering protects all laboratories
dling
Located in the center of the reactor building, the reactor
room is surrounded by laboratories of various sizes on the east,
west, and north sides. Some are used for student instruction,
others for research. The south side of the building houses four
staff offices, the entrance lobby, the observation room, and
the control room.
To the observation room, people may come freely at any
time, see a nuclear reactor in operation, and observe the
periments
other place on earth is such an unrestricted privilege available.
The observation room is semi-circular with four tiers of seats
looking into the reactor room from an elevation of six feet
above its floor level. The entire wall between the reactor room
and the observation room is made of special windows that can
be filled with water to provide 8 inches of shielding if enough
scattered radiation should require it.
Located west of the observation room, the control room has
a master console which controls the experimental work in the
reactor room and the behavior of the Reactor itself.
tion
record of important facts from the Reactor and from
ments
other parts of the building keeps the operator in touch with
work in all the laboratories.
By electric switches and locks, the operator controls all doors
to the reactor room. No one can enter the room without
ance
it would not be safe for a person to enter.
With Special Safety Features...
To insure that unsafe amounts of radioactivity do not go into
the city sewer system, all waste lines from the work areas of
the
have radiation monitors. If radioactive materials of unsafe
level should flow down the waste line, the radiation monitors
in the holding tank sound the alarm and automatically close
the exit valve, holding the materials in the tank and preventing
them from flowing into the city system.
Analysis may prove it safe after all for release into the city
system, or it may have to be held a few days for radioactive
cay
and long-lived, the material is pumped out and sent to
Ridge
Beyond this, special radiation monitoring instruments are
worn by each person who works around the Reactor. Radiation
monitors are located in the ventilation air-streams of the
ing
A system of radiation monitors inside the reactor building
From the observation room, through special-plated dows |
In a control room alive with meters and dials, students learn to operate a reactor and to interpret experiments. |
. . . With A Special Heating And Ventilation System
and at strategic points around the campus continuously measure
and record the level of radiation in the atmosphere to furnish
positive evidence that the amount of radiation normally present
in the atmosphere is not hazardously increased by the Reactor.
As in almost any other modern day activity, there are
ards
can be avoided by careful design, adequate safety
tation
measures are abundantly present in the State College Reactor.
If small amounts of radioactive gases or volatile materials
are accidentally released in the work areas of the building,
the ventilation system is designed to minimize such hazards.
Large areas of glass-wool filters are built into the over-hanging
eaves of the building. Behind these filters, ducts lead through
the attic space to the various laboratories. Outside air sweeping
in through this filter-duct system is distributed to each work area.
In the floor of each laboratory room, opposite the entrance
duct, there is a filtered exit to a duct system under the floor.
These exit ducts converge into a large plenum chamber in an
underground passageway at the rear of the building. Here the
air is filtered a third time and passes through one or the other,
or both, of two 15,000 cfm blowers that discharge into the
base of the 110-foot stack at the rear of the building.
Through a dual heating system, the building is warmed in
winter. A series of steam coils in the entrance air ducts keep
the incoming air about 60 F, while radiant heating coils in
the lab floors and reactor room walls retain normal warmth
for the building. This combined system keeps the building
fortable
The rate of flow changes the air every eight minutes, diluting
any accidental releases well below safe limits. Further dilution
occurs as the material spreads out from the top of the stack.
If the radiation level in the ventilating system goes above
set
matically
terial
DEDICATION OF THE RALEIGH RESEARCH
REACTOR ON THE
STATE COLLEGE
Man has opened many doors since he first discovered
how to use stones to make fire--industrial, commercial,
tific
life. But never has he opened a door toward greater
tialities
both humbled and thrilled to know our
actor
Chancellor,
. . . In Appreciation
When the Reactor was launched in 1953,
appropriately called it "another important milestone" toward
atoms for peace. He put it this way:
"The
actor
gram
has reached another important milestone toward the
ment
happy for this additional opportunity which is afforded . . .
our scientific staff to rise to the challenge of leadership in this,
another field of vital significance to our state and nation."
The
of all openly-operated, college-owned reactors of the future.
It was the first one and is still the only one, though others are
now in design and construction stages. It was conceived in
the basic belief that nuclear processes should be-and shall
be-used to benefit mankind rather than to destroy him.
We of
state and nation in appreciation to the North Carolina General
Assembly and the Burlington Mills Foundation for the generous
part they played in creating this pioneer center for studying
peacetime applications of nuclear processes.
Atoms should raise man, not destroy him. Upon this
cept
forts
gineering
The mission is a great one, in many areas a solemn one, in
all areas a challenging one, as we strive to help man develop
some of the exciting potentialities of God's newest gift-atomic
energy.
Price Fifty Cents
For Further information, Write the Physics Department, North Carolina State College