Wetland Types - North Carolina Coastal Area

Metadata:


Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: North Carolina Division of Coastal Management
Publication_Date: 12/30/2003
Publication_Time: Unknown
Title:
Wetland Types - North Carolina Coastal Area
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Raleigh, NC
Publisher: North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Coastal Management
Description:
Abstract:
The North Carolina Division of Coastal Management (DCM) has developed a
coastal area wetlands conservation plan which relies on adequate knowledge
of the location and extent of wetlands by watershed in coastal NC. After
reviewing existing data, DCM determined that none of the data could be used
exclusively as a wetlands inventory for the conservation plan. Therefore, DCM has
developed wetland mapping methods using geographic information systems (GIS) and existing
spatial data to accommodate a limited time schedule and large land area.
Three primary spatial data layers provide information that are
assembled into the DCM wetlands data. These layers are the National Wetlands
Inventory (NWI), county soils (DSL), and classified land use/land cover
from TM satellite imagery. In addition, an update was performed using a more recent
version of land use/land cover data. The NWI and DSL data are 1:24,000 scale, vector
data. The imagery is 30 meter resolution, filtered and unfiltered, raster
data. Extracting the most relevant information from each of these layers
allows DCM to produce the best information about the location and extent of
Coastal Plain wetlands available today.

DCM's classification scheme is based on both vegetative cover and
hydrogeomorphic character. Wetland classes currently recognized by DCM are:
Salt/Brackish Marsh, Estuarine Shrub-Shrub, Estuarine Forest, Maritime Swamp Forest,
Freshwater Marsh, Pocosin, Bottomland Hardwood, Swamp Forest, Headwater
Swamp, Hardwood Flat, Pine Flat, Managed Pineland, Human Impacted

In addition, modifiers may be applied to any of these categories indicating
that they have been partially drained, cleared of vegetation, or recently cutover. An automated
Arc/Info model considers the NWI classification and the imagery classification in
assigning a wetland type to each polygon. Soil types are used to determine
whether or not marginal areas are considered to be wetlands, including managed
pine areas.  Once the automation is complete, an interactive session allows the user
to assign wetlands to classes specific to their position in the landscape. A hydrographic
data layer is used in addition to the layers mentioned previously to more easily
interpret the landscape position and hydrogeomorphology (HGM) of the wetlands.
For example, a temporarily flooded, hardwood area may be classified as bottomland
hardwood or hardwood flat, depending on its location: adjacent to a stream or within
an interfluvial divide, respectively. Finally, each wetland is assigned to an HGM class
of riverine, flat/depressional, headwater or estuarine. In addition to automated and manual processing,
and a limited amount of field verification is performed.
Purpose:
These data were created to assist local, state, and federal government agencies and
others in making resource management decisions and in land use planning.
Supplemental_Information:
Because of overall data filesize, the statewide dataset was clipped by
  riverbasin. coverage filesizes: (by riverbasin, in megabytes):
Cape Fear   (/cpf_wets) - 131   
Chowan    (/cho_wets) - 21.6
Lumber      (/lbr_wets) - 54.1  
Neuse     (/neu_wets) - 91.7
Pasquotank  (/pas_wets) - 35.6  
Roanoke   (/roa_wets) - 24.1
Tar-Pamlico (/tar_wets) - 58.1   
White Oak (/wok_wets) - 31.9
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20030801
Ending_Date: 20030801
Currentness_Reference:
publication date
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -79.101699
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.420957
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.590066.
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.803897
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Wetlands
Theme_Keyword: Wetland Mapping
Theme_Keyword: NWI
Theme_Keyword: Hydric Soils
Theme_Keyword: Land Cover
Theme_Keyword: Coastal Management
Theme_Keyword: ADID
Place:
Place_Keyword: North Carolina Coast
Place_Keyword: Eastern North Carolina
Place_Keyword: CAMA
Place_Keyword: Beaufort County
Place_Keyword: Bertie County
Place_Keyword: Bladen County
Place_Keyword: Brunswick County
Place_Keyword: Camden County
Place_Keyword: Carteret County
Place_Keyword: Chowan County
Place_Keyword: Columbus County
Place_Keyword: Craven County
Place_Keyword: Cumberland County
Place_Keyword: Currituck County
Place_Keyword: Dare County
Place_Keyword: Duplin County
Place_Keyword: Edgecombe County
Place_Keyword: Gates County
Place_Keyword: Greene County
Place_Keyword: Halifax County
Place_Keyword: Hertford County
Place_Keyword: Hyde County
Place_Keyword: Johnston County
Place_Keyword: Jones County
Place_Keyword: Lenoir County
Place_Keyword: Martin County
Place_Keyword: Nash County
Place_Keyword: New Hanover County
Place_Keyword: Northampton County
Place_Keyword: Onslow County
Place_Keyword: Pamlico County
Place_Keyword: Pasquotank County
Place_Keyword: Pender County
Place_Keyword: Perquimans County
Place_Keyword: Pitt County
Place_Keyword: Sampson County
Place_Keyword: Tyrrell County
Place_Keyword: Wayne County
Place_Keyword: Wilson County
Place_Keyword: Washington County
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data are advisory in nature. They are not a substitute for an on-site determination of jurisdictional wetlands. Although every effort was taken to ensure the accuracy and validity of wetland location and extent, these data contain inherent errors and limits. Surfaces mapped from remotely sensed data have certain degrees of error and accuracy limits. The actual boundaries may differ from those shown in these data. Wetlands smaller than one acre often are overlooked at this scale and may not be included in these data. There also may be cases in which regulatory agencies' determinations of the existence or lack of wetlands differ from these data. 
While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within limits of the current state of the art, DCM cannot assume liability for any damages caused by inaccuracies in the map of supporting data. DCM makes no warranty, express or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Present version is in ArcGIS format (version 8.3). DCM uses Windows XP workstations
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Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
A comprehensive accuracy assessment of these data was performed by DCM using funds
provided by the Environmental Protection Agency.  Random field points were collected
by DCM staff and compared to this data set.  For more information see the DCM publication
"An Accuracy Assessment of GIS Wetland Mapping in the Coastal Counties of North
Carolina".
Logical_Consistency_Report:
These data were originally processed by USGS 7.5 minute quadrangle and by county.  Upon
completion of all quadrangles and all counties, each quadrangle was dissolved by the
attributes included here and all quadrangles were joined together using the Arc/Info
"mapjoin" command.  Digital data and hard copy maps were checked extensively for
consistency and completeness by GIS analysts and wetland specialists on DCM's staff.
There may be inconsistencies in these data along county boundaries. This is due mainly to the
fact that the soils data used for development of this data set was mapped by county and was
not edge-matched or otherwise made consistent at county boundaries.
Completeness_Report:
These data represent areas within the 20 coastal counties which fall under the
jurisdiction of the Division of Coastal Management and an additional 17 counties within the NC Inner Coastal Plain.
These data are not a substitute for an on-site determination of jurisdictional wetlands. Wetlands smaller than one
acre are often overlooked at this scale and may not be included in these data.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Accuracy varies depending on source scale and/or resolution of the data layer from which
each wetland polygon is derived.
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
n/a
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: US Dept of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service
Publication_Date: Varies (37 different county soils data were used)
Title:
Detailed County Soils, North Carolina (various counties)
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Raleigh, NC
Publisher: US Dept of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service
Type_of_Source_Media: 8mm digital tape or CD
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 09/1999
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
USDA, NRCS
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: US Fish and Wildlife Service
Publication_Date: Unknown
Publication_Time: Unknown
Title:
National Wetlands Inventory
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL
Publisher: US Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wetlands Inventory
Type_of_Source_Media: 8mm digital tape
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 199102
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Source photography dates
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
USFWS, NWI
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: EOSAT/LandSat Thematic Mapper (TM)
Publication_Date: 199405
Publication_Time: Unknown
Title:
Land Use/Land Cover TM (APES 1987)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Raleigh, NC
Publisher: EOSAT/LandSat Thematic Mapper (TM)
Type_of_Source_Media: 8mm digital tape
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19930516
Ending_Date: 19960630
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Data creation and revision dates
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
EOSAT
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Earth Satellite Corporation (EarthSat)
Publication_Date: 19980305
Publication_Time: Unknown
Title:
Statewide Land Cover - 1996
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Raleigh, NC
Publisher: EarthSat
Type_of_Source_Media: digital tape media
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1991
Ending_Date: 199405
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Data creation and revision dates
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
EOSAT
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Three primary spatial data layers provide information that are
      assembled into the DCM wetlands data. These layers are the National Wetlands
      Inventory (NWI), county soils (DSL), and classified land use/land cover
      from TM satellite imagery. In addition, an update was performed using a more recent
      version (1996) of land use/land cover data.  The NWI and DSL data are 1:24,000 scale, vector
      data. The imagery is 30 meter resolution, filtered and unfiltered, raster data.

      An automated Arc/Info model considers the NWI classification and the imagery 
      classification in assigning a wetland type to each polygon. Soil types are used to determine
      whether or not marginal areas are considered to be wetlands, including managed 
      pine areas.  Imagery is used primarily to determine the extent of managed pine areas, as
      well as areas where vegetation has been removed and recently cutover areas.
      Once the automation is complete, an interactive session allows the user
      to assign wetlands to classes specific to their position in the landscape. A hydrographic
      data layer is used in addition to the layers mentioned previously to more easily
      interpret the landscape position and hydrogeomorphology (HGM) of the wetlands.
      For example, a temporarily flooded, hardwood area may be classified as bottomland 
      hardwood or hardwood flat, depending on its location: adjacent to a stream or within 
      an interfluvial divide, respectively. Finally, each wetland is assigned to an HGM class 
     of riverine, flat/depressional, headwater or estuarine.  In addition to automated and manual processing, a      limited amount of field verification is performed.
Process_Date: 1994-2002
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Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
SDTS_Terms_Description:
SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 167184
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Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Grid_Coordinate_System:
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: Coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 0.002048
Ordinate_Resolution: 0.002048
Planar_Distance_Units: Meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: Wetlands
Entity_Type_Definition:
Wetlands are classified into 13 different common types which are typically found in Coastal North Carolina. In addition, three different modifiers are included for wetlands that have been altered.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
North Carolina Division of Coastal Management
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Area
Attribute_Definition:
Area of polygon
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Software computed
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.00017
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1955024511.94479
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Perimeter
Attribute_Definition:
Perimeter of polygon
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Software computed
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.06371
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1539596.43029
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Final Covername#
Attribute_Definition:
Internal feature number
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Software computed
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 2
Range_Domain_Maximum: 167185
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Final Covername-id
Attribute_Definition:
Feature identification number
Attribute_Definition_Source:
User Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 167184
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: w-type
Attribute_Definition:
DCM Wetland Type (by DCM numeric value)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Defined by DCM based on automated or manual processing of
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 0
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Non-wetland; could be upland, water, or tidal flat
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Combination of all data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Salt/Brackish Marsh
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI data layer
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Freshwater Marsh
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI data layer
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 3
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Estuarine Shrub/Scrub
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI data layer
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 4
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Pocosin
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI and soils data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Bottomland Hardwood
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI data layer
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 7
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Swamp Forest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI data layer
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 9
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Hardwood Flat
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI data layer
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 10
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Pine Flat
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI and soils data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 11
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Managed Pineland
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily Landsat and soils data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 15
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Estuarine Forest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI data layer
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 16
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Maritime Swamp Forest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI data layer
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 17
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Headwater Swamp
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI data layer (Primarily from
manual rather than automated classification)
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 21
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Partially Drained Salt/Brackish Marsh
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI data layer
Note: All drained modifiers result primarily from automated classification of NWI data.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 22
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Partially Drained Freshwater Marsh
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI data layer
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 23
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Partially Drained Estuarine Shrub/Scrub
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI data layer
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 24
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Partially Drained Pocosin
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI and soils data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 26
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Partially Drained Bottomland Hardwood
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI data layer
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 27
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Partially Drained Swamp Forest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI data layer
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 29
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Partially Drained Hardwood Flat
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI data layer
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 30
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Partially Drained Pine Flat
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI and soils data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 35
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Partially Drained Estuarine Forest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI data layer
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 36
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Partially Drained Maritime Forest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI data layer
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 37
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Partially Drained Headwater Swamp
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI data layer
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 40
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Human Impacted
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI and Landsat data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 43
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Cleared Estuarine Shrub/Scrub
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI and Landsat data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 44
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Cleared Pocosin
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Combination of all data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 46
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Cleared Bottomland Hardwood
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI and Landsat data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 47
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Cleared Swamp Forest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI and Landsat data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 49
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Cleared Hardwood Flat
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI and Landsat data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 50
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Cleared Pine Flat
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Combination of all data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 55
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Cleared Estuarine Forest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI and Landsat data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 56
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Cleared Maritime Forest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI and Landsat data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 57
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Cleared Headwater Swamp
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI and Landsat data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 63
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Cutover Estuarine Shrub/Scrub
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI and Landsat data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 64
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Cutover Pocosin
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Combination of all data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 66
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Cutover Bottomland Hardwood
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI and Landsat data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 67
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Cutover Swamp Forest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI and Landsat data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 69
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Cutover Hardwood Flat
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI and Landsat data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 70
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Cutover Pine Flat
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Combinatio of all data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 75
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Cutover Estuarine Forest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI and Landsat data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 76
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Cutover Maritime Swamp Forest
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI and Landsat data layers
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 77
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Cutover Headwater Swamp
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Primarily NWI and Landsat data layers
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: hgm
Attribute_Definition:
Hydrogeomorphic Classification
Attribute_Definition_Source:
NC Division of Coastal Management
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: r
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Riverine HGM classification
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Manual classification based on wetland
type and/or proximity to streams
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: f
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Flat/Depressional HGM classification
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Manual classification based on wetland
type and/or proximity to streams
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: h
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Headwater HGM classification
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Manual classification based on wetland
type and/or proximity to streams
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: e
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Estuarine HGM classification
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
Manual classification based on wetland
type
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: wet-name
Attribute_Definition:
DCM Wetland Type (character field containing actual type rather than number)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
See w-type attribute above
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Non-wetland
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Salt/Brackish Marsh
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Freshwater Marsh
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Estuarine Shrub/Scrub
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Pocosin
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Bottomland Hardwood
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Swamp Forest
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Hardwood Flat
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Pine Flat
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Managed Pineland
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Estuarine Forest
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Maritime Swamp Forest
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Headwater Swamp
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Partially Drained Salt/Brackish Marsh
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Partially Drained Freshwater Marsh
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Partially Drained Estuarine Shrub/Scrub
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Partially Drained Pocosin
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Partially Drained Bottomland Hardwood
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Partially Drained Swamp Forest
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Partially Drained Hardwood Flat
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Partially Drained Pine Flat
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Partially Drained Estuarine Forest
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Partially Drained Maritime Forest
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Partially Drained Headwater Swamp
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Human Impacted
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cleared Estuarine Shrub/Scrub
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cleared Pocosin
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cleared Bottomland Hardwood
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cleared Swamp Forest
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cleared Hardwood Flat
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cleared Pine Flat
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cleared Estuarine Forest
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cleared Maritime Swamp Forest
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cleared Headwater Swamp
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cutover Estuarine Shrub/Scrub
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cutover Pocosin
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cutover Bottomland Hardwood
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cutover Swamp Forest
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cutover Hardwood Flat
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cutover Pine Flat
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cutover Estuarine Forest
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cutover Maritime Forest
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cutover Headwater Swamp
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Coastal North Carolina wetlands are presented by common type.  A hydrogeomorphic 
        classification is included as well.  The wetlands presented here are broken down into the 
        following categories.  A brief explanation of each wetland type follows its name.

     Salt/Brackish Marsh (w-type 1)
     Any salt marsh or other marsh subject to regular or occasional flooding by tides, including wind
     tides (whether or not the tide waters reach the marshland areas through natural or artificial
     watercourses), as long as this flooding does not include hurricane or tropical storm waters. 
     Coastal wetland plant species include: smooth cordgrass; black needlerush; glasswort; salt grass;
     sea lavender; salt marsh bullrush; saw grass; cattail; salt meadow cordgrass; and big cordgrass

     Estuarine Shrub Scrub (w-type 3)
     Any shrub/scrub dominated community subject to occasional flooding by tides, including wind
     tides (whether or not the tide waters reach these areas through natural or artificial
     watercourses).   Typical species include wax myrtle and eastern red cedar.

     Estuarine Forested (w-type 15)
     A forested wetland community subject to occasional flooding by tides, including wind tides
     (whether or not the tide waters reach the marshland areas through natural or artificial
     watercourses).  Examples include pine-dominated communities with rushes in the understory or
     fringe swamp communities such as those that occur along the Albemarle and Pamlico sounds.

     Maritime Swamp Forest (w-type 16)
     A forested community characterized by its stunted growth due to the stresses imposed by its
     proximity to salt spray from the ocean.  Typical vegetation includes live oak, red maple and
     swamp tupelo.

     Freshwater Marsh (w-type 2)
     Herbaceous areas that are flooded for extended periods during the growing season.  Included are
     marshes within lacustrine systems, managed impoundments, some Carolina Bays, and other non-
     tidal marshes (i.e. marshes which do not fall into the Salt/Brackish Marsh category).  Typical
     communities include species of sedges, millets, rushes and grasses that are not specified in the
     coastal wetland regulations.  Also included are giant cane, arrowhead, pickeralweed, arrow arum,
     smartweed, and cattail
     
     Pocosin (w-type 4)
     Freshwater shrub/scrub communities (i.e. non-Estuarine shrub/scrub) dominated by evergreen
     shrubs, often mixed with pond or loblolly pines.  Typically occur on saturated, acid, nutrient
     poor, sandy or peaty soils; usually removed from large streams; and subject to periodic burning.  

     Bottomland Hardwood (w-type 6)
     Riverine forested or occasionally shrub/scrub communities usually occurring in floodplains, that
     are seasonally flooded.  Typical species include oaks (overcup, water, laurel, swamp chestnut),
     sweet gum, green ash, cottonwoods, willows, river birch, and occasionally pines. 

     Swamp Forest (w-type 7)
     Very poorly drained riverine or non-riverine forested or occasionally shrub/scrub communities
     which are semi-permanently flooded, including temporarily flooded depressional systems. 
     Typical species include cypress, black gum, water tupelo, green ash and red maple.

     Headwater Swamp (w-type 17)
     Wooded, riverine systems along first order streams.  These include hardwood dominated
     communities with soil that is moist most of the year.  Channels receive their water from overland
     flow and rarely overflow their own banks.

     Hardwood Flat (w-type 9)
     Poorly drained interstream flats not associated with rivers or estuaries.  Seasonally saturated by
     high water table or poor drainage.  Species vary greatly but often include sweet gum and red
     maple.

     Pine Flat (w-type 10)
     Freshwater, seasonally saturated pine communities on hydric soils that may become quite dry for
     part of the year.  Generally occur in flat or nearly flat areas that are not associated with a river or
     stream system.  Usually dominated by loblolly pine.  This category does not include managed
     pine systems.

     Managed Pineland (w-type 11)
     Seasonally saturated, managed pine forests (usually loblolly pine) occurring on hydric soils. 
     Since this category is based primarily on soils data and 30 meter resolution satellite imagery, it
     is less accurate than the other wetland categories.

     Human Impacted (w-type 40)
     Areas of human impact have physically disturbed the wetland, but the area is still a wetland. 
     Impoundments and some cutovers are included in this category, as well as other disturbed areas,
     such as power lines.

     Partially Drained Wetland (w-type 21-37)
     Any wetland system described above that is, or has been, effectively drained (according to the 
     National Wetlands Inventory).
 
      Cutover Wetland (w-type 63-77)
     Areas for which satellite imagery indicates a lack of vegetation in 1994.  These areas are likely
     to still be wetlands, however, they have been recently cut over.  Vegetation in these areas may be
     regenerating naturally, or the area may be in use for silvicultural activities. Note that marshes
     can not be considered cutover.

      Cleared Wetland (w-type 43-57)
     Areas of hydric soils for which satellite imagery indicates a lack of vegetation in both 1988 and
     1994. These areas are likely to no longer be wetlands.
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: NC Center for Geographic Information and Analysis
Contact_Person: n/a
Contact_Position: Production Services
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address:
301 N. Wilmington Street, Suite 700
City: Raleigh
State_or_Province: NC
Postal_Code: 27601-2825
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (919) 733-2090
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (919) 715-0725
Hours_of_Service: 8:30 AM - 5:30 PM
Resource_Description: DCM Coastal Wetland Types
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: Data is available in Arc/INFO export format
Fees: Contact CGIA
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20040112
Metadata_Review_Date: 20030801
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: North Carolina Division of Coastal Management
Contact_Person: Jennifer Rouse
Contact_Position: GIS Analyst
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing address
Address:
1638 Mail Service Center
City: Raleigh
State_or_Province: NC
Postal_Code: 27699-1638
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (919) 733-2293
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (919) 733-1495
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jennifer.rouse@ncmail.net
Hours_of_Service: 8:00am - 5:00pm
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
Metadata_Extensions:
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