Textile Research Journal

%xmlchars; ]> mc00303 Guide to the Stanley Backer Papers, 1948-2000 Processed by: Terra Kridler;machine-readable finding aid created by: Terra Kridler North Carolina State University Libraries, Special Collections Research Center 2005 Machine-readable finding aid derived from xml authoring program Finding aid written in English. Guide to the Stanley Backer Papers, 1948-2000 MC 303 North Carolina State University Libraries Special Collections Research Center Contact Information: &ncsuaddr; Processed by Terra Kridler in August 2005 Encoded by Terra Kridler in August 2005 Descriptive Summary North Carolina State University Libraries, Special Collections Research Center Stanley Backer Stanley Backer Papers, 1948-2000 MC 303 11 archival boxes, 5.5 linear feet Stanley Backer (1920-2003) attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, earning degrees in engineering and textile technology. He joined the faculty at M.I.T. in 1951 and eventually became the head of the Fibers and Polymers Laboratory. His research in textiles engineering led to a greater understanding of fiber structure and fabric behavior. Backer also led a program to develop one of the first online information retrieval systems, known as the Textile Information Retrieval Product. He died in 2003. Stanley Backer's papers consist of articles, books, papers, theses and other material reflecting his textile engineering research while attending and teaching at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. A Research Files series contains collected information on fabric mechanics, texturing, and other topics. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Special Program series contains material on programs in which Backer had participated. The Supervised Theses series includes those supervised by Backer while a professor at M.I.T. A series of Backer's published works is also included, as well as a list of his collected works. For current information on the location of these materials, please consult the Special Collections Research Center Reference Staff. English Information for Users Restrictions to Access

The collection is open for research; access requires at least 24 hours advance notice.

Acquisitions Information

Received as a gift from Dr. and Mrs. Stanley Backer in December 2000.

Preferred Citation

[Identification of item], Stanley Backer Papers, 1948-2000, Special Collections Research Center, North Carolina State University Libraries, Raleigh, NC

Processed by Terra Kridler in August 2005

Encoded by Terra Kridler in August 2005

Biographical Note

Stanley L. Backer was born in Boston, Massachusetts on February 9th, 1920. He attended Boston Latin School until graduation in 1937, and earned a bachelor's degree in engineering and manufacturing from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1941. He served in the United States Army from 1941-1944 conducting research for the United States Quartermaster, and continued to work for the Quartermaster for several years after completing his service. He returned to M.I.T. to complete a master's degree in textiles technology in 1948, and a doctorate in mechanical engineering in 1953. In 1951 Backer joined the faculty at M.I.T. as assistant professor, and was promoted to full professor and head of the Fibers and Polymers Laboratory in 1962. His research in textiles engineering led to a better understanding of the physical properties and structural geometry of fibers, allowing the prediction of fabric behavior, which has a wide array of applications. His areas of expertise included the mechanics of textile materials and texturing, as well as the fibrous behavior of rope in a marine environment, and the use of fiber reinforcement in cementitious composites. Backer also led a program in the 1960s sponsored by the United States Commerce Department to develop one of the first online information retrieval systems. Known as the Textile Information Retrieval Product, the interface allowed simultaneous access a database of textile terms in seven different languages. Backer retired as professor emeritus in 1989.

Backer was an active member of the profession, having authored over 90 research publications, and serving on a number of government committees, professional societies, and editorial boards. The Harold DeWitt Smith Award from the American Society for Testing and Materials in 1962, and the Carothers Medal from the Textile Institute in 1992 for creativity in the use of fibers are noted among his many awards and honors.

Stanley Backer died January 18th, 2003 at his home in Newton, Massachusetts. He is survived by his wife, Esther Ross, and two sons, Richard, of Berkeley, California, and Jonathan of New Rochelle, New York.

Scope and Content Note

The bulk of Stanley Backer's papers are articles, books, papers, theses and other material directly pertaining to or associated with his textile engineering research while attending and teaching at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The Research Files contain a collection of resources on fabric mechanics, and a collection on textile texturing, both of which were major areas of Backer's study. Several miscellaneous files are also included the series, but were not originally compiled with either of the mentioned resource collections, including fiber structure of rope in a marine environment and fiber structure in cementitious composites. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Special Programs series consists of lecture, seminar, and demonstration materials for programs in which Backer participated. Program topics include: Materials for Parachutes and Retardation Devices, Dynamics of Textile Processes, Performance Characteristics of Textile Materials, Applied Mechanics of Fibrous Structures, Texturing of Thermoplastic Yarns; all of which include rosters of registrants, schedules of speakers, notes, slides and other handouts. Of particular interest is a report on a project led by Backer to develop one of the first online information retrieval systems, and a six-part article by Backer and various colleagues published in the Textile Research Journal on a project on the mechanics of texturing thermoplastic yarns. The Supervised Theses series is a collection of doctorate of science theses which Backer supervised while a professor and head of the Polymer and Fibers Laboratory at M.I.T. Backer's 95 authored and co-authored published articles and papers are included in the Published Works series. And Backer's textiles and information related resources are compiled in the Collected Works series. Items in this series have been integrated into North Carolina State University Libraries' monograph collection for use and circulation. Please see the library catalog for bibliographic information, call number, and availability.

Organization of the Collection

The collection is arranged into 5 series: Research Files Massachusetts Institute of Technology Special Programs Supervised Theses Published Works Collected Works

Online Catalog Terms Backer, Stanley, 1920-. Information storage and retrieval systems--Textile industry and fabrics. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Fibers and Polymers Division. Massachusetts Institute of Technology--Theses. Reinforced concrete, Fiber--Mechanical properties. Thermoplastics. Textile fabrics--Mechanical properties. Textile fabrics--Testing. Textile fibers--Mechanical properties. Textile fibers--Testing. Textile research--Massachusetts--Cambridge. Textured yarn. Textured yarn machinery.

The items in Series 5 have been integrated into the Libraries' monograph collection. Please check the library catalog for bibliographic information, call number, and availability.

Detailed Description of the Collection Research Files, 1957-19893 archival boxes, 1.5 linear feet

Stanley Backer's Research Files consist of journal articles, typed lectures, book chapters, theses, reports, and other papers pertaining to his research interests as a faculty member at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The Fabric Mechanics files pertain to characteristics and behaviors of primarily woven and knitted fabrics, as well as those of the yarns and fibers used to make such fabrics. The Texturing files primarily discuss the properties of crimped yarns, processes used for texturing yarns and fabrics, and the mechanical affect of these properties and processes. The Miscellaneous files include other writings relevant to Backer's research.

Fabric Mechanics, 1967-1975

The Fabric Mechanics subseries is a collection of lectures, articles, book chapters, and other papers pertaining to mechanical characteristics and behaviors primarily of woven and knitted fabrics, such as elastic resistance, bending, crease resistance and wrinkle resistance, and tearing strength, as well as geometrical properties. Several articles concentrate on the properties of the fibers and yarns used to make woven fabrics, and how their structure affects the mechanics of the fabric. At acquisition the Fabric Mechanics files were assembled in notebook form. The arrangement of the Fabric Mechanics subseries replicates the original order of the files.

11List of Contents, 1975. 12Figures 1-82, 1975. 13Zorowski, C. F. "Dynamic Properties of Continuous Filament Twisted Yarns." 1970. 14P. Grosberg. "Tensile Properties of Woven Fabrics." 1969. 15Hearle, J. W. S., A. Newton. "Nonwoven Fabric Studies: Part XIV: Derivation of Generalized Mechanics by the Energy Method." 1967. 16Grosberg, P. "Lecture No. 42: The Elastic Resistance to Bending of Plain Woven Fabrics." 17P. Grosberg. "The Geometrical Properties of Plain Clothes." 1969. 18Grosberg, P. "The Geometry of Knitted Fabrics." 1969. 19Grosberg, P. "The Bending of Woven Fabrics: Part I: Hysteresis." 110P. Grosberg. "The Mechanics of Knitted Fabrics." 1969. 111Grosberg, P. "Handle, Crease, and Wrinkle Resistance and their Relationship to Fabric Bending Behaviour." 112Grosberg, P. "The Initial Shear of Woven Fabrics." 113Grosberg, P. "The Load-Extension Behaviour of Plain Weave Fabrics Exact Treatment." 114Grosberg, P. "The Dimensional Stability of Woven and Knitted Fabrics." 115Eltayebi, Ahmed. "The Tearing Strength of Woven Fabrics: Methdos of Measuring and Factors Influencing the Tearing Strength of Woven Fabrics." 116Konopasek, M. "Computer Aided Mechanics of Textile Structures." 1970. 117El-Shiekh, Aly, S. P. Hersh. "The Mechanics of Looped-Pile Carpets: Part I: Deformation." 1969. 118Grosberg, P., J. W. Rhee. "The Effect of Chemical and Mechanical Finishing Treatments on the Bending Properties of Woollen and Worsted Fabrics." 119Fortess, Fred. "The Correlation of Laboratory Test Methods with the Service Performance of Textiles and Clothing." 120Fortess, Fred. "Engineering Man-Made Fibers for Fashion and Performance." 121Lord, P. R. "The Structure of Unconventional Twisted Yarns." Texturing, 1969-1974

The Texturing subseries consists of articles, lectures, and other papers pertaining to the physical and mechanical properties of crimped yarns, often made from thermoplastic fibers and have a saw-toothed or curled shape, and the methods and processes used for texturing crimped yarns, including false-twist and draw-twist methods. Relevant articles on snarling, heat setting and treatment, and properties of yarn are also included. At acquisition the Texturing files were assembled in notebook form. The arrangement of the Texturing subseries replicates the original order of the files.

122Hearle, J. W. S. "Survey of Textured Products and Properties." 123Hearle, J. W. S. "Survey of Yarn Texturing Methods." 124Hearle, J. W. S. "Structural Mechanisms of Troque-Stretch Yarns: The Mechanism of Snarl Formation." 1966. 125Hearle, J. W. S., A. E. Yegin. "The Snarling of Highly Twisted Monofilaments: Part I: The Load-Elongation Behavior with Normal Snarling." 1972. 126Hearle, J. W. S., A. E. Yegin. "The Snarling of Highly Twisted Monofilaments: Part II: Cylindrical Snarling." 1972. 127Hearle, J. W. S. "The Mechanics of Torque-Stretch Yarns: A Correction." 1973. 128Hearle, J. W. S., P. K. Sen Gupta, Anne Matthews. "Changes in Length and Mechanical Properties Due to Single and Double Heat Treatment of Nylon Yarn Under Tension." 1971. 129Backer, Stanley. "Yarn." 130Hearle, J. W. S., R. Greer. "Fibre Structure." 1970. 131Hearle, J. W. S. "Fine Structure of Fibers." 132Hearle, J. W. S. "Heat Setting." 133Hearle, J. W. S. "The Nature of Setting." 134Hearle, J. W. S. "Crimp Mechanics." 21Yegin, Ahmet Ertunga. "On the Structural Mechanics of Torque Stretch Yarns." 1969. 22Batra, S. K., A. Tayebi, S. Backer. "The Normal Force Between Twisted Filaments: Part II: Experimental Verification." 1973. 23Tayebi, A., S. Backer. "The Mechanics of Self-Plying Structures: Part I: Monofilament." 1973. 24Backer, Stanley. "Mechanics of False Twist Texturing: An Overview." 1973. 25Backer, Stanley. "Notes on the Mechanics of Texturing Thermoplastic Yarns." 26Thwaites, J. J. "Crimp Mechanics of Textured Yarns." 27Thwaites, J. J. "Character of Draw-Textured Yarns and Significance of Denier Variation." 1974. 28Thwaites, J. J. "The Mechanics of Friction-Twisting." 1969. 29Thwaites, J J. "Threadline Torsional Characteristics in the False-Twist Process." 1974. 210Thwaites, J. J. "Linear Density Variations in Draw-Textured Yarns." 211Batra, Subhash. "A Generalized Model for Crimp Analysis of Multi-Component Fibers: Part I: Theoretical Development." 1974. 212Egbers, G. "The Draw Texturing Process." 213Egbers, G. "Friction Behavior of Filament Yarn at High Speeds." 214Egbers, G. "A Method of Continuous Crimp and Bulk Measurement." 215Lünenscholß, Joachim W., Klaus E. Fischer, Zachariahs Modi. "The Influence of Twisting Art and Texturing Conditions on the Twist Level and Yarn Tension Behavior by Conventional False-Twist Texturing and by False-Twist Simultaneous Draw-Texturing." 1974. 216Lünenscholß, Joachim, Eckhard Siersch. "The Drawing Behavior, the Twist Level Distribution and the Yarn Deformation by False-Twist Simultaneous Draw-Texturising of Different Preoriented Polyester Yarns." 1974. 217Lünenschloß, Joachim W., Liberto Coll-Tortosa. "The Influence of the Spindle Construction and the Texturising Conditions on the Yarn Balloon, Yarn Tension, Yarn Temperature and the Properties of the Texturised Yarns by Conventional False-Twist Texturising and by False-Twist Simultaneous Draw Texturising." 1974. 218Lünenschloß, Joachim W., Erhard W. Kirschbaum. "A New Method to Determine the Torque and Choking Force by False-Twist Texturising with Peg Spindle and Friction Units." 1974. Miscellaneous, 1957-1989

The Miscellanous subseries of Research Files is composed of theses, technical reports, and other studies relevant to Backer's research interests, including fiber mechanics, effects of a marine environment on nylon rope, and fiber reinforced cementitious composites.

31Weissbein, Leonard. "A Study in the Theory of Carrier Dyeing of Hydrophobic Fibers." 1957. 32Kenney, Maryann Cully. "Effects of Fatigue and a Sea Water Environment on Nylon Fibers, Yarns, and Small Ropes." 1957. 33"Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites Technology: Final Technical Report." 1989. 34Monego, Constantin J. "The Mechanics of Rupture of Cotton-Dacron Blended Yarns." 1967. 35Tesoro, Giuliana. "Environmental Degradation of Nylon and Polyester: A Critical Evaluation of the Literature in the Context of Ocean Engineering Applications of Rope." 1981. 36Batra, Subash K., Charles Bell. "On the Efficient Utilization of Natural (Vegetable) Fibers." 1975. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Special Programs, 1959-1977 2.5 archival boxes, 1.25 linear feet

During the summer sessions the Massachusetts Institute of Technology holds special programs consisting of series' of lectures, seminars, and demonstrations, intended for field specialists. The material in this series represents the content of several of the programs in which Stanley Backer had participated or attended, including roster of registrants, schedule of speakers and presentations, notes, slides, handouts, and other material. The compiled materials of six programs were relevant to Backer's research in fabric mechanics and behavior. The program on Performance Characteristics of Textile Materials includes a report on one of the first online information retrieval systems, a development program led by Backer. The items are arranged chronologically.

41-3Materials for Parachutes and Retardation Devices, July 20-31, 1959.

Program consists of a discussion of textile processes, materials, and behaviors for the design and use of parachutes and retardation devices. Also an article on multiflash photography.

44-5Dynamics of Textile Processes, July 6-10, 1964.

Material includes discussions on the processes of combing, spinning, winding, testing, drying, sewing textiles.

46-9Performance Characteristics of Textile Materials, July 22-26, 1968.

Material includes discussion of textile characteristics, such as water absorption, creasing and wrinkle recovery, abrasion resistance, tearing strength, mechanics, fatigue, hysteresis under conditions such as extension, bending and shearing, geometrical properties, and others. Principles of finishing are also discussed as ways to improve performance. A paper titled Design of an On-Line Computer Based Textile Information Retrieval System provides information on a system for textile information storage and retrieval, including a sample dialog between man and machine. Backer led the program to develop this system.

51-4Applied Mechanics of Fibrous Structures, July 29-August 2, 1968.

Articles pertain to structures and mechanics of yarns and fibers, including extension and elasticity, effects of shearing, bending, twisting, crimping, and snarl, anisotropy, and tensile properties.

55-8Dynamics of Textile Processing, August 5-9, 1968.

Textile processing methods, such as jet texturing, computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), stuffer box crimping, drying, spinning, drafting, fatigue, pressing, and needling are analyzed. Papers on papermaking and machinery are included, as well as articles on the physical properties of nonwovens.

61-2Texturing of Thermoplastic Yarns, July 11-15, 1977.

Discusses process and mechanics of texturing, primarily by false-twist methods, as well as inherent variability in textured yarns, and problems and future trends in texturing. Also includes a six-part article by Backer and various colleagues published in the Textile Research Journal on a project on the mechanics of texturing thermoplastic yarns.

Supervised Theses, 1953-1992 4 archival boxes, 2 linear feet

The collection of theses are those supervised by Stanley Backer while he was a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, most of which were written while he was head of the Fibers and Polymers Laboratory. The theses demonstrate the research he supervised in the mechanics of textiles, fibers, and processes, including papers on nonwovens and synthetic fibers, heat setting and thermoplastic materials, false-twist texturing methods, as well as papermaking and cementitious composites. The items are arranged chronologically.

63Ender, Dietrich H. "On the Yielding of Glassy Amorphous Polymers." 1953. 64-5Petterson, Dewitt Ross. "On the Mechanics of Non-Woven Fabrics." 1958. 66Morgan, Henry Merriam. "The Interaction of Textile Structures and High Speed Textile Processes." 1959. 71El-Shiekh, Aly H. M. "On the Mechanics of Twist Insertion." 1965. 72Anderson, Willard W. "The Dynamics of Moving Filaments and Tapes." 1966. 73Popper, Peter. "Mechanics of Bending Fiber Assemblies." 1966. 74Maranci, Artun. "Propagation of Cracks in Brittle Adhesive Joints." 1970. 75-6Crugnola, Aldo. "Modifications in Molecular Fine Structure and Physico/Mechanical Properties Associated with the Texturing of Synthetic Fibers." 1972. 77Tayebi, Amad. "The Mechanics of False-Twist Textured Yarns." 1973. 81Naar, Raymond Z. "Steady State Mechanics of the False Twist Yarn Texturing Process." 1975. 82Lee, Shaw Ming. "Mechanics of Bending of Nonwoven Fabrics." 1978. 83-6Smith, Steven Craig. "Thermomechanical Response of Textured Yarns." 1978. 91Tsai, Yuan-Daw. "Heat Setting of Thermoplastic Filaments." 1982. 92Donner, Benjamin Charles. "High Curvature Bending of Fibrous Structures with Emphasis on Paper and Paperboard." 1985. 93Toney, Mary. "On the Mechanical Behavior of Twisted Synthetic Ropes." 1986. 94Li, Shipeng. "Heat Transfer to Yarn in False-Twist Texturing." 1988. 95Hsu, Peter Taur. "Fracture Mechanics of Synthetic Fiber Reports." 1984. 101-2Seo, Moon Hwo. "Mechanical Deterioration of Synthetic Fiber Rope in Marine Environment." 1988. 103Wang, Youjiang. "Mechanics of Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites." 1989. 104-5Realff, Mary Lynn. "Mechanical Properties of Fabrics Woven from Yarns Produced by Different Spinning Technologies." 1992. Published Works, 1948-2000 1 archival box, 0.5 linear feet

The Published Works series contains 95 papers and articles written by Stanley Backer, showing the progress and dynamics of his research over more than half of a century. Topics include structure and mechanics of fibers and fabrics, the online textile information retrieval system, fibers and rope in a marine environment, and fibers in cementitious composites. Also included are several patents for textile processing methods and apparatuses by Backer. Items are arranged chronologically.

111Bibliography 1121948-1951 1131952-1956 1141960-1967 1151968-1969 1161971-1972 1171973-1978 1181980-1985 1191987-1989 11101990 11111991-1994 11121995-1997 11131998-2000 Collected Works The items in this series have been integrated into the Libraries' monograph collection. Please check the library catalog for call number and availability.

These works comprised Stanley Backer's personal library. The resources included guided Backer in his education and research in and contributions to the field of textiles. Items are arranged alphabetically.

Advisory Board on Quartermaster Research and Development. Protection and Functioning of the Hands in Cold Climates: A Conference sponsored by the Headquarters Quartermaster Research and Development Command U. S. Army Quartermaster Corps, Natick, Massachusetts, April 23-24, 1956. ed. Frank R. Fisher. Washington [D. C.]: National Academy of Sciences, 1957.

_____. The Utilization of Chicken Feathers as Filling Materials: A Conference sponsored by the Headquarters Quartermaster Research and Development Command U. S. Army Quartermaster Corps, Natick, Massachusetts, April 28-29, 1955. Edited by S. J. Kennedy, Adolf Schubert, Louis I. Weiner. Washington [D. C.]: National Academy of Sciences, 1956.

Ahrendt, William R., John F. Taplin. Automatic Feedback Control. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1951.

Alfrey, Turner, Jr. Mechanical Behavior of High Polymers. New York: Interscience Publishers, 1948.

Archer, Robert R., Nathan H. Cook, Stephen H. Crandall, Norman C. Dahl, Thomas J. Lardner, Frank A. McClintock, Ernest Rabinowicz, George S. Reichenbach. An Introduction to the Mechanics of Solids. 2nd ed. Edited by Thomas J. Lardner. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959.

_____. An Introduction to the Mechanics of Solids. 2nd ed. with SI units. Edited by Thomas J. Lardner. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978.

Argon, Ali S., David J. Epstein, John B. Goodenough, Shinya Inoue, Thomas A. Kaplan, Hendrik A. Klasens, Helen D. Megaw, E. W. Muller, Heinz Raether, Gert W. Rathenau, et al. The Molecular Designing of Materials and Devices. Edited by Arthur R. Von Hippel. Cambridge, MA: M. I. T. Press, 1965.

____, ed. Physics of Strength and Plasticity. Cambridge, MA: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1969.

Argon, Ali S., Stanley Backer, Frank A. McClintock, George A. Reichenbach, Egon Orowan, Milton C. Shaw, Ernest Rabinowicz. Mechanical Behavior of Materials. Edited by Frank A. McClintock and Ali S. Argon. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1966.

Astbury, M. T. Fundamentals of Fibre Structure. With an introduction by Sir William Bragg. London: Oxford University Press, 1933.

Avallone, Eugene A., Theodore Baumeister III, eds. Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987.

Backer, Stanley, Aidan B. McNamara, Attila Alptekin, Emery I. Valko, Robert C. Sheldon. Thesaurus of Textile Engineering Terms: A List of Textile Engineering Terms and their Relationships to be used in Indexing and Retrieving Textile Information. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering, Fibers and Polymers Division, 1966.

Backer, Stanley, Emery I. Valko, eds., Miriam (Liang) Chu, Hans U. Rudolf, Signe A. Dayhoff, information specialists, Roger A. Roach, Robert C. Sheldon, David A. Anderson, computer specialists. Thesaurus of Textile Terms Covering Fiberous Material and Processes. 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: M. I. T. Press, 1969.

Balmforth, C. K., N. S. M. Cox, eds. Interface: Library Automation with Special Reference to Computing Activity. Cambridge, MA: M. I. T. Press, 1971.

Barkas, W. W. The Swelling of Wood Under Stress: A Discussion of Its Hygroscopic, Elastic, and Plastic Properties. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1949.

Becker, Joseph, Robert M. Hayes, Information Storage and Retrieval: Tools, Elements, Theories. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1963.

Beckwith, Thomas G., N. Lewis Buck, Roy D. Marangoni. Mechanical Measurements. 3rd ed. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1982.

Besancon, Robert M., ed. The Encyclopedia of Physics. 2nd ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1974.

Billmeyer, Jr., Fred W. Textbook of Polymer Science. New York: John-Wiley & Sons, Wiley-Interscience, 1962.

_____. Textbook of Polymer Science. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1971.

Biot, Maurice A. Mechanics of Incremental Deformations: Theory of Elasticity and Viscoelasticity of Initially Stressed Solids and Fluids, Including Thermodynamic Foundations and Applications to Finite Strain. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1965.

Blair, G. W. Scott. A Survey of General and Applied Rheology. 2nd ed. London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, 1949.

Blake, Alexander. Practical Stress Analysis in Engineering Design. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1982.

Bland, D. R. The Theory of Linear Viscoelacsticity. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1960.

Bonis, L. J., H. H. Hausner, eds. Fundamental Phenomena in the Material Sciences. Vol. 1, Sintering and Plastic Deformation. New York: Plenum, 1964.

Boresi, Arthur P., Omar M. Sidebottom. Advanced Mechanics of Materials. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1932.

Borg, S. F. Matrix-Tensor Methods in Continuum Mechanics. Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1963.

Bowker, Albert H., Henry P. Goode. Sampling Inspection by Variables. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1952.

Box, George E. P., Lewis R. Connor, Wilfred R. Cousins, Owen L. Davies, Francis R. Himsworth, George P. Sillitto. The Design and Analysis of Industrial Experiements. Edited by Owen L Davies. London: Oliver and Boyd, 1954.

Brownlee, K. A. Industrial Experimentation. 3rd American rev. enl. ed. Brooklyn, NY: Chemical Publishing, 1949.

Bruns, Robert A., Robert M. Saunders. Analysis of Feedback Control Systems: Servomechanisms and Automatic Regulators. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1955.

Buchsbaum, Walter H. Encyclopedia of Integrated Circuits: A Practical Handbook of Essential Reference Data. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1981.

Burton, Alan C., Otto G. Edholm. Man in a Cold Environment: Physiological and Pathological Effects of Exposure to Low Temperatures. New York: Hafner Publishing Company, 1969. A facsimile of the first edition. n.p.: Edward Arnold, 1955.

Carlson, Harold. Springs Troubleshooting and Failure Analysis. New York: Narcel Dekker, 1980.

Carman, P. C. Flow of Gases Through Porous Media. London: Butterworths Scientific Publications, 1956.

Carnaby, G. A., E. J. Wood, L. F. Story, eds. The Application of Mathematics and Physics in the Wool Industry: Proceedings of an Advanced Workshop held at Lincoln College, Canterbury, New Zealand on 9-12 February 1988. Wool Research Organisation of New Zealand Special Publications, vol. 6. Christchurch, New Zealand: Wool Research Organisation of New Zealand, 1988.

Chamot, Emile Monnin, Clyde Walter Mason. Handbook of Chemical Microscopy. Vol. 1, Principles and Use of Microscopes and Accessories Physical Methods for this Study of Chemical Problems. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1938.

Chato, J. C., H. Fenech, S. I. Freedman, Peter Griffith, J. J. Henry, H. C. Hottel, W. T. Lawrence, W. Craig Moffatt, R. J. Nickerson, W. M. Rohsenow, A. F. Sarofim, S. M. Scala, S. A. Schaaf, S. P. Sukhatme. Developments in Heat Transfer. Edited by W. M Rohsenow. Cambridge, MA: M. I. T. Press, 1964.

Churchman, C. West, Russell L. Ackoff, E. Leonard Arnoff, Leslie C. Edie, et al. Introduction to Operations Research. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1957.

Clapp, Verner W. The Future of the Research Library. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1964.

Clark, Samuel K., ed. Mechanics of Pneumatic Tires. Washington, D. C.: U. S. Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1971.

_____, ed. Mechanics of Pneumatic Tires. Washington, D. C.: U. S. Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, [1981].

Cockrell, W. D. Industrial Electronic Control: A Guide to the Understanding of Electronic Control Circuits for Industrial Uses. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1944.

Commission on Textile Documentation of the European Group for the Exchange of Experience on the Direction of Textile Research. Multilingual Clossary of Textile Terminology. Danish entry volume. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Fibers and Polymers Laboratories, 1972.

_____. Multilingual Clossary of Textile Terminology. English entry volume. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Fibers and Polymers Laboratories, 1972.

_____. Multilingual Clossary of Textile Terminology. Spanish entry volume. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Fibers and Polymers Laboratories, 1972.

_____. Multilingual Clossary of Textile Terminology. Finnish entry volume. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Fibers and Polymers Laboratories, 1972.

_____. Multilingual Clossary of Textile Terminology. French entry volume. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Fibers and Polymers Laboratories, 1972.

Committee on Colorimetry Optical Society of America. The Science of Color. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1953.

Committee on Scientific and Technical Communication. Scientific and Technical Communication: A Pressing National Problem and Recommendations for Its Solution. Washington, D. C.: National Academy of Sciences, 1969.

Conant, James B. Modern Science and Modern Man. Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor Books, 1953.

Conrady, A. E. Applied Optics and Optical Design. New York: Dover, 1957.

Cook, Nathan H. Mechanics and Materials for Deisgn. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984.

Cook, Nathan H., Ernest Rabinowicz. Physical Measurement and Analysis. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1963.

Corish, Patrick, Robert W. Cahn, Michael B. Bever, eds. Concise Encyclopedia of Polymer Processing and Applications. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1992.

Corson, Dale R., Paul Lorrain. Introduction to Electromagnetic Fields and Waves. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1962.

Courant, R., D. Hilbert. Methods of Mathematical Physics. Vol. 1. Translated and revised from original German edition. New York: Interscience, 1953.

Craig, Homer Vincent. Vector and Tensor Analysis. 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1943.

Crandall, Stephen H. Engineering Analysis: A Survey of Numerical Procedures. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956.

Crandall, Stephen H., Dean C. Karnopp, Edward F. Kurtz, Jr., David C. Pridmore-Brown. Dynamics of Mechanical And Electromechanical Systems. Edited by Stephen H. Crandall. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968.

Dally, James W., William F. Riley, Kenneth G. McConnell. Instrumentation for Engineering Measurements. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1984.

Desmonde, William H. Real-Time Data Processing Systems: Introductory Concepts. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1964.

Dilon, John H. Reflections on Polymer Science, Rubbrous and Fibrous, 1931-1971. [Raleigh, NC: School of Textiles, North Carolina State University], 1972.

Discussions of the Faraday Society. Vol. 3. Interaction of Water and Porous Materials. London: Gurney and Jackson, 1948.

DiStephano, III, Joseph J., Allen R. Stubberud, Ivan J. Williams. Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Feedback and Control Systems. Schaum's Outline Series. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967.

Doebelin, Ernest O. Measurement Systems: Application and Design. Rev. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975.

Driscoll, Walter G., William Vaughn, eds. Handbook of Optics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978.

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